(ZT) Globalization of Chinese economy under the sides of the Atlantic dialogue ----

 Globalization of Chinese economy under the sides of the Atlantic dialogue
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Chinese edition published in: Global Governance Innovation Center Web site www.cigionline.org
how to apply modern economic theory and method to study the Chinese economy? This is not a new topic In 1995, Professor Lin Yifu, once in the : He home, domestic economic scholars, students in the issues surrounding this discussion many times, Canadian economists mm John Whalley University of Western Ontario professor's attention. John Whalley is Professor of computable general equilibrium model of the major pioneers in international trade, computable general equilibrium, public economics and development economics research areas such as reputation . In recent years, John Whalley, Professor of Chinese economy and China is very concerned about the economic studies, this article is from his first policy simulation laboratory in his work between the first day of Chinese scholars of academic discussion. when some domestic scholars to see to the transcript of this discussion, the proposal to publish them all in order to cause domestic economic scholars and students re-focus. John Whalley Professor worried about their current situation of China's economic research is not fully understood, it is recommended to invite Yu Yongding, Wang with three, Li Shi and several of his famous economist familiar to supplement and comment. to take this opportunity, we also invited the Tian Guoqiang, Chen Zhiqi, Ph.D. in economics and other overseas famous Chinese economist, Wang Cheng, Yao Yang, Zhang military and other economics journal editor, and talked about a number of young scholars gathered together.
the past several discussions with the different origin of this discussion, a very experienced in the modern Western economic theory known economist talks to discuss the jump off the earlier Studies of the Chinese economy and the relationship between pure research deal with the problem of young scholars in the domestic context of globalization in the path of economic research selection process.
In this article, both economic Famous Scholars of the Enlightenment to teach, but also well-known young scholars research and realized that; both theoretical, and methodological discussions, but also related to academic research related to the broader topic, here is a young scholar in his blog on the issue of confusion :
As a scholar, engaged in basic and primary academic research what are the conditions? mm I think it may be good moral character.
2, as a scholar, to do what is the purpose of academic research? mm money? a catchy title? promote academic progress?
3, as a scholar, how to conduct their own research? mm chasing hot? personal interest? reality, the key issues?
4, as a scholar, research methods adopted? mm pursue cutting-edge method? using the appropriate method? Study at home on the views of the Chinese economy
(a) John Whalley Interview with Professor
John Whalley:
professor at the University of Western Ontario, Fellow of the Econometric Society International, the Royal Canadian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Foreign Member. the United States National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) researchers, the European Economic Advisors CESifo Research Office, the global economy, the Canadian Centre for Global Governance Innovation (CIGI), chief researcher. computable general equilibrium model of the main founders, international trade, computable general equilibrium, public economics and development economics, a senior research professor, was University researchers and academic exchanges. I think the economics of China, there is a need to attract attention to the phenomenon, many young scholars trying to follow and emulate Western economic scholars. However, the North American and European journal articles in the theoretical model used and Many empirical research does not apply directly used for the study of China. My advice is based on the situation in China some adjustments and amendments, such as in a simple classical model based on the optimization of adding some things with Chinese characteristics, such as collective sense of identity, all the people all of the production units (state-owned enterprises), and others. Some young Chinese scholars seem to ignore China's national conditions, blindly imitate the mechanical paradigm of international journal papers. just a simple neoclassical model the use of mechanically Research on the Chinese economy may lead to errors.
an important feature of China's economy is state-owned enterprises and non state-owned enterprises sector structure, departmental structure which is different from foreign. The other is a characteristic of identity, collective identity identity, rather than individual identity. I've read written by some Western scholars on the Chinese labor market supply behavior of paper, they described in the paper the utility function is a function of commodity consumption and leisure, there is no consideration to the family. but in China, Each person is working for the family, taking into account the individual interests of the family decision-making, so we need to give when doing research in the utility function of the family. Western civilization emphasizes self-centered values of equality and freedom of individuals, each individual is an independent individuals. and Eastern Confucian culture emphasizes collective values, the family is composed of individual units of society, the individual is always in the Confucian view that individuals, families, community networks among.
model if only the West without any amendments directly applied to research on the Chinese economy may come to misleading conclusions. on my experiences in China, I and age class of Chinese scholars have had in-depth exchanges, when I was living in decision-making levels Some senior Chinese economists (such as over the age of sixty or six) to exchange, they are also worried about this phenomenon, some young scholars trying to direct use of Western theories to explain the many problems China's economy, they are really these young scholars understand and accurately explain the cautious on China. So, I feel their country is now a senior economist and policy-making center may exist between young scholars a great understanding and knowledge of the structural differences in the generation gap. young scholars hope that the future decades of economic research in China to more rapidly close to the West, but if ignored the concerns of the Chinese reality, this may be some problems.
some attention to young scholars studying Chinese model technology, and less attention to China economy. As far as I know, probably because the current in China, published in international journals is very important for career advancement conditions. Some young scholars in their academic career, the most important thing is the magazine in North America and Europe published a paper, to improve the international ranking, in order to obtain professional promotion, and international journals often do not concern the characteristics of the Chinese economy. in political science, American politics and Canadian politics is a different course, because the national political system is very different. in the economic school, usually to Madagascar and France, the United States by the same research methods to deal with. However, it should be taken into account in the economics of the characteristics of different countries, in my opinion, this question for the study is particularly important when the Chinese economy .
nearly three decades, with a computable general equilibrium policy analysis technology has been one of my research. We should pay more attention to the article ideological, rather than the number of model equations, and the equation of the detailed structure level. In addition, numerical simulation of the conclusions for the application to be careful, these results are informative, not accurate, can not be directly used for policy decisions accurately, but only to provide appropriate directions for.
U.S. financial crisis led Western economists to strengthen the economic problems of real concern, I think, this might also be something to Chinese scholars, especially young Chinese scholars.
(above text from the 2008 draft In the afternoon of Oct. 16 University of Western Ontario, Department of Economics, John Whalley, Professor and policy simulation laboratory in its Chinese scholars a casual chat with the academic records of subjects based on the development of China's economic interest, John Whalley, Professor accepted Chinese scholars proposed, agreed to publish out of the chat history, and suggested to invite some Chinese scholars to complement this issue, so their views are biased.)
(b) Several scholars point of view, Professor John Whalley complementary and comments
Yu: CASS Institute of World Economics and Politics, researcher, academician
Wang Tongsan Academy of Social Sciences: Chinese Academy of Quantitative and Technical Economic Research Institute, Research Fellow CASS academician
Li Shi: Beijing Normal University Institute of Economics and Business Administration, Professor, Beijing Normal University, Income Distribution and Poverty Research Center
Zhang Shunming: School of Economics of Xiamen University, WISE Distinguished Professor of Economics, Visiting Professor, University of Western Ontario (2000.9-2006.9)
Wang: Peking University, Professor, Department of Finance, Lu Ming, deputy director of
: Fudan University School of Economics, Professor, Industrial Development Research Center of Fudan University, Economic Papers are old friends, we had some communication on this issue. I fully agree with his point of view, the field of economics in China, many cases of copying foreign theory. But for the CASS researcher, the situation is slightly different, due to usually problem-oriented, policy services, so the relatively less serious problem. Instead, we use tools of modern economic theory, analysis, or not doing enough.
Wang Tongsan:
John Professor Whalley and our number of technology by all the Chinese Academy of close ties and cooperation. I very much agree with him. Most modern economics theory of free markets rely on assumptions and China (and even Western countries) have the economic realities larger gap. in China to analyze economic problems, need to combine to transform the actual situation in China. both because it is not with China, a wide gap between economic reality and rejected completely, and do not mature because of its sound theoretical framework and direct copy .
to the role of mathematics in terms of it as a tool for the fundamental role of economics is undeniable and neglect. Marx and Engels stressed and so were the various disciplines of mathematics in an important position in the economy Science is no exception. Marx said: ; mathematics in an applied science degree, marking the maturity level of this science. tool for economic research services, the study of mathematics in economics, the use of tools should be conducive to explain the phenomenon, to solve the problem, explained the principle point of view.
Li Shi:
John Whalley, Professor with the Chinese for generations Economists have contacts. In the last century, to visit China early next year when 80 met Pu Shan, Later, the two became close friends; the mid-80s went to Canada have been invited to Zhao Wei Xian Gregorian University for academic reports; in recent years that he accepted more than eight local young scholars to study in Canada, study, doing collaborative research, I am familiar, there Yue Ximing, Xin Yin, Zhang Shunming, Liu Yun and so on. Since 2005, he presided over with me I have more understanding of him, obviously felt he had a Chinese scholar from the heart of love. He put a lot of time and effort to find various resources of the Chinese economy, and help improve the research capacity of Chinese scholars are from true love, not with any individual utility, this way, I admire the place.
far as I know, the domestic part of the economic scholars (not just young scholars) to focus only on analysis, ignore the importance of the issue . to the concern about this trend, scholars in foreign countries more than one person, Professor John Whalley. Oxford University Professor John Knight has the same view. He had mentioned that he first went to visit Africa to see where the doctor who although a good command of econometric analysis of the latest tools, but there is no national sense of economic problems, some Chinese students studying in the UK have the same problem, so go hard for them to become good economists. In my opinion, John Whalley, Professor of domestic very timely reminder of young scholars, deserves our full attention. I often tell my students to learn some period in the study of technology is necessary, in order to have into everything (of course no modern analytical techniques is totally unacceptable), it is only valuable research to make a necessary condition but not sufficient condition. When we study the Chinese economy as the object, a comprehensive understanding of China's national conditions and understanding is essential. I think that the understanding of economic reality in China at least three aspects, one is the actual state of the economy, running the way familiar, the second is well-known statistics, and the third is economic policy and institutional awareness. in a sense,
Zhang Shunming:
I study with Professor John Whalley, collaborative research for many years, I fully agree with him. Whalley professors to visit China since the 1980s of the Chinese economy, China's economy and his teaching of the Chinese economy has a good understanding. He has always emphasized the use of economic theory important issues of contemporary China.
China's unique economic needs? We explored this question .2008 May Canada Centre for Global Governance Innovation (CIGI) and Xiamen University also jointly held a small seminar on the topic. Whalley is professor of economic theory that we study the contemporary Chinese economy, economic policy, not related to whether the Chinese economy.
on CGE, Whalley is the founder of Professor First, he is in the early 1970s began CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model of the United Kingdom, the United States and the Canadian economy. China's representative in the State Council Development Center Professor Li Shantong. use this method to the study of Chinese economic policies are no problem. but most of the young scholars in the Chinese economy is not good enough understanding of the content, one of grasp of economic theory is not good enough, the second is solid enough mathematics and physics, the application up and often go wrong. I think we need to strengthen training in China young scholars, carefully study the important issue of the Chinese economy.
in important international journals (especially the SSCI search magazine) published a paper more and more difficult, we should emphasize the important and valued in international academic papers published. important in the international academic papers published description of your academic papers written by internationally recognized, of course, the standard should be the job promotion; international good university rankings are in accordance with this standard, why do not we? We should have some scholars China's economy to make high quality research papers in major international academic journals.
issue is not to make such a large part of scholars of international academic standards, they have been staring at the country's not to do in the international academic papers published, it will not be internationally recognized research, and will not guide the students for such research. a result, they often set the standard in the country published a paper, and some reject international academic journals. In particular, the domestic annual assessment is to count points, published a paper in the country very easily, so you can evaluation of advanced or title; the other hand, in the international academic papers published both difficult and slow, obviously at a disadvantage, you may well three years without a paper published. how should I do? We can learn a foreign school, with five to six years as an evaluation period; six years if you have not published papers I can not say you weak, but I can say that you are not strong enough academically.
Wang Yiming:
I and Professor John Whalley met in 2000, after which we keep in touch. Whalley Professor economy the problem is widespread, and he's top economy in the international academic journals published numerous articles, he is particularly in public finance, international trade, WTO agreements and other prominent and well-known areas of research. He is very good at using the method of computable general equilibrium model of economic policy and assessment study of its effect, his study is the meaning of economic theory rather than to focus on precise predictions, for example, some of his articles unexpected conclusion given the classic literature is inconsistent with existing research results, people feel refreshing, but also reflects his theoretical knowledge of economics is very deep and feeling good. In recent years, he was more interested in economic issues in China, every year several times to China, Beijing, Shanghai, Xiamen, Sichuan, all the research and academic exchanges, has made a lot of research and some have been targeted in the international economic journals published. So Professor Whalley is both a skilled Western economics, but also better understanding of the Chinese economy and Chinese-style economic scholars, he on the Chinese scholars to study the problems of economic evaluation is more neutral.
I am very impressed Professor Whalley scholars to study China's economic presence in the acute observation of the phenomenon. against him, I also give my views on some : First of all, we Chinese, especially young scholars, economists should focus on the study of Chinese economic issues; Secondly, the study of Chinese economic problems, we can and should learn from the Western model of economics uses mathematical paradigm, but in reference to the process Note that the model is suitable for our situation, that is, whether the conditions for the establishment of its assumptions are too simplistic or abstract, in most cases may not be fully applicable to the study of China at this time can be adjusted according to the situation in China and the amendment can not ignore the possible China from the impact of specific factors critical variables or department. but there are some models, especially time series model, or basically according to imitate the dynamic analysis of variable or variables; Third, the data processing is essential, including definition or define the data variables, such as the marginal cost in which parts should be included in the end. The data is hard to imagine any issue its conclusions are reliable, and many of us in this regard is even more arbitrary, of course, there are difficulties in the domestic data acquisition or the reasons for poor data quality. Also, many models are involved in which the coefficients, in the country have not a single result or strictly to determine which cause difficulties in our study.
I think, if we Treatment of attention to the China factor model, model approximate the conditions of the formation or establishment, together with the data handled properly, it can well be used to study the issue of the Chinese economy, which is the correct direction of economic research. In addition, we oppose mathematical model of random sets of the West to move, we must also prevent the data and model checking in the absence of the premise, lightly given by textbook economic theory conclusions or recommendations, abstract space to talk about economic phenomena and policy but also as casual copying of the same mathematical model the risk of copying what the West.
Lu Ming:
on economics and the Chinese economy, many years ago, Dwight Perkins once wrote to his similar experiences in Korea remind the Chinese scholars to be careful to use the existing economic theory to guide practice in China, and China's economic research. John Whalley Professor's comments would be similar. I went to Whalley Professor Li Shi, Professor and co-chaired , and he has many times the exchange. Whalley Professor of conversation some of the ideas embodied in it is a great need for young scholars to understand the country, especially when these questions by the constructed model of a deep understanding of economics, an internationally renowned home, it might be more persuasive.
In my view, the issue of China's economy should do one thing first is to use modern economic theory and empirical methods to record history, past and present occurrence of the Chinese things clear. This is not to say that we already have knowledge of economics does not apply to China, on the contrary, the basic principles of economics can be explained by the fact that many aspects of China, but certainly not all. China's specific historical and realistic conditions constitutes a person's behavior (and its results) the social and political structures, such as economic decentralization and political centralization, home-based social capital, as well as the household registration and urban economic policy orientation, for a correct grasp of these structural features is important, such structural characteristics and grafted to the existing economic theory to China to provide more accurate interpretation of the facts. and other things in China make it clear, perhaps in a generation or even longer after that time Economists will be able to sum up a more scientific path taken by China and its implications on the general economic theory. Of course, the premise is that China's economic development is sustainable through the road and can be reference.
China's development reflects the development of economic, social and political development of interactive process, and this process is precisely the lack of established economic theory, and only recently more and more attention these years, of which , there are a lot of research work to be done. Chinese scholars in addition to other published papers, the real knowledge of the Chinese economy is a more difficult task.
Zheng Bingyong:
I talk with Professor John Whalley since this issue, but in my opinion, this fear is much more than he was. John Whalley Professor University of Western Ontario in Canada, I read Dr. teacher when, in the PhD several years, I often talk to him, On their own research, but also about the Chinese economy, a few years, I learned a lot from him. He has been very enthusiastic on the issue of China every year to China to .2008 two to Shanghai, he has to Shanghai Finance University, he and I talked about a lot of economic problems, let me a lot.
remember him each time about my own study, Whalley professors like to say a word, the young economists like it should do rather technical study to show their ability in this area. the only way you can get the recognition of academic circles. However, when there has been their success in this regard, we like to do some relatively simple but powerful ideological research. this time, because you have set up their own reputation, your research is also very easy for someone else accepted. In my opinion, Whalley, Professor of this proposal should be equally applicable to the current economic problems of young Chinese scholars. Due to historical reasons, the Chinese academic understanding of modern Western economic theory is still not enough, so at this stage, to encourage young scholars with Western economic theory and empirical methods of the article, not a bad idea. It's like China is now a number of industries have done a good job such as automotive, aviation, first imitate others, and then engage in independent innovation. only the first step is successful, to gain a firm foothold, only the capital engaged in independent innovation. if it were not imitation stage to talk about innovation, it is not like newborn baby, will not climb as he ran out you would?
home the past two years, I have heard many criticisms that scholars only care about those of us abroad returnees made the article, do not study the practical problems in China. The actual on, not that we do not want to study of China. tell the truth, many of us, including me, no matter what research, has never given up on China issues. China has many problems worthy of study, but we now focus on study of China, in fact, can not make a big contribution.
First, these issues are difficult, not easy to apply Western economic theory can explain, for those of us just graduated a few years, Dr. people to that these problems more difficult. Although we have received in foreign universities a system of modern Western economic theory training, but the ability to study for many of us still in the initial learning stage, the big problem is not strong grasp of problems, To solve the difficult problems at once is not an independent reality. Therefore, not as the starting articles, improve their research capacity.
Second, in the academic community, to get people to accept different ways of thinking of any mainstream things, it is not easy, particularly for young scholars. Currently many young scholars in China is far from being academic ability to accept others, but Professor Whalley said in the first stage (when young), who they deserved, even if their research is very new, it is difficult to attract attention, people accept it. If your research is not to be accepted, it would be too difficult to contribute. For young scholars, let academic circles to know you, understand you, can only be achieved by sending the article. When someone has to know you, know that you are a serious scholar, some of your combination of Western economic theory and practical research in China was likely to be accepted.
Caiyue Zhou:
I University of Western Ontario in Canada to do postdoctoral period with Professor John Whalley, and the three papers. His vision of the open air, on the economic problems of keen insight and grasp the essence of economics, let me eye-opener. professors in the following Whalley the process of learning and work, Whalley, Professor in the computable general equilibrium techniques, mathematical models, and other aspects of economic methodology to give guidance and help me patience. In his teaching, I study the mathematical model in economics, in particular, policy-oriented research is the reality of the position and a new understanding of the role include: computable general equilibrium, econometric models, etc., are abstract object of study. Based on the conclusions is very difficult to model accurate, but can provide directional information; mathematical economics is only a tool. in the use of mathematical tools, only when the marginal increase in the complexity of the margin can bring more and better depiction of the reality of the time, is efficient. if they can use simple math problem clearly can be simple math.
fact, Whalley's research is reflected by the style. As the field of computable general equilibrium model of masters, Whalley was not respected professor overly complex models, and more emphasis on thoughtful article. He can often be seen from the simple model based on real problems for the subtleties of the application. In recent years, he also uses a computable general equilibrium analysis of a number of important Chinese issues, such as the RMB appreciation, trade imbalances, household system, value-added taxes, many dealing with very clever. Whalley is Professor of appreciation for Professor Krugman style, that his model is simple, but very convincing.
addition Why pay attention to China's economic problems, we work with several professors and Whalley, researchers from the Academy of Social Sciences that, in addition to Professor Whalley applicability of the proposed model and other technical reasons, another reason is that the researchers themselves academic direction choice. Whalley Professor of labor supply behavior of China should be a family utility function, but if the scholars of the Chinese economy, may also need to do some amendments, because in addition to personal and family responsibilities, some of Chinese economists also consider the responsibility of the state. Many economists have worried about the older generation of people, mind mind common people, they actually based in China to study Chinese and the search for Chinese road, the older generation of academic economists to serve the country idea worth studying.